Geography of Assam - Smart Study Academy
Geography of Assam – Explained by Smart Study Academy
📍 1. Location and Borders
Assam is a northeastern state of India, located between 24°N to 28°N latitude and 89°E to 96°E longitude.
- Capital: Dispur (in Guwahati)
- International Borders: Bhutan and Bangladesh
- Indian States Nearby: Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura, Meghalaya, and West Bengal
Smart Tip: Assam is called the "gateway to the Northeast" due to its central location.
🏞️ 2. Physical Divisions of Assam
a) Brahmaputra Valley
Most of northern Assam is covered by the Brahmaputra Valley, formed by the mighty Brahmaputra River. This fertile region is ideal for agriculture.
b) Barak Valley
Located in southern Assam (Cachar, Hailakandi, Karimganj), this region is drained by the Barak River and known for its scenic beauty.
c) Hill Regions
Karbi Anglong and Dima Hasao districts form the hilly terrain of Assam, rich in forests and minerals.
🌧️ 3. Climate
Assam has a tropical monsoon climate:
- Summer: Warm and humid
- Monsoon: Heavy rainfall (1,500 – 2,600 mm annually)
- Winter: Mild and pleasant
Fun Fact: Heavy rainfall supports Assam’s lush greenery and dense forests.
🌿 4. Forests and Wildlife
Assam is rich in biodiversity, with several national parks and wildlife sanctuaries:
- Kaziranga – Famous for one-horned rhinoceros
- Manas – UNESCO World Heritage Site
- Orang, Dibru-Saikhowa, Nameri
Smart Note: Over 25% of Assam is covered in forests.
🌊 5. Major Rivers
- Brahmaputra – Lifeline of Assam
- Barak – Major river of southern Assam
- Tributaries: Manas, Dhansiri, Subansiri, Kopili
Important Topic: Assam faces frequent floods due to river overflow during monsoons.
🌱 6. Soil and Agriculture
The fertile alluvial soil of Assam supports cultivation of:
- Rice (main crop)
- Tea (Assam is one of the largest tea producers)
- Jute, Sugarcane, Mustard, Vegetables
Smart Fact: The world-famous "Assam Tea" grows best in the Brahmaputra valley!
⚒️ 7. Minerals and Resources
Assam is rich in natural resources:
- Petroleum – Digboi is Asia’s oldest oil refinery
- Natural Gas, Coal, Limestone
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